24th of may 1874

 In 1832, the very first horse-drawn tramcars rattled through the streets of New York. It took almost half a century before Ghent also introduced its first horse tram network, operating between Ghent-Zuid and Dampoort. Prior to this, public transportation relied on diligences, essentially horse-drawn coaches. 

 
Photo: A horse-drawn tram in 1890 at the corner of Veldstraat and Zonnestraat, sometime before 1890 (Pierre de Meyer Collection). 

1899

In 1899, the Ghent tram network made the switch from horse-drawn power to electric traction. The battery-powered trams were fed by onboard batteries. Ghent became the only city in the world with a complete network operating on battery-powered trams. 
 
Photo: A lot of interest in a test ride of a battery-powered tram in the sharp curve and steep slope of Lammerstraat at the end of 1898. (Collection of the City Commission for Monuments and Cityscapes) 

1904

The groundbreaking technology of the battery-powered trams did not meet expectations. Therefore, the Electric Tramways of Ghent (ETG) switched to power supply via overhead lines. The tram cars now drew power from the overhead wire using a trolley pole. 

 
Photo: A two-axle tram with a trolley pole heading towards Wintercircus. Postcard from before 1920. (Photographer unknown, public domain, Wikimedia). 

The World Exhibition in 1913

In preparation for the 1913 World Exhibition, the Ghent tram network was specially adapted for the organization of the international event. Three special exhibition lines attracted the majority of the passengers, and a series of new carriages, including the open summer wagons, were used to transport the visitors. 

The First World War

 The First World War dealt a blow to the Ghent tram network. Copper cables from the overhead lines were replaced by the German occupiers with iron wires, leading to frequent cable breaks. Just before the Armistice, the German military engineers blew up dozens of bridges, severely disrupting tram and train traffic. 

 
During the First World War, wounded German soldiers were transported by tram from Saint Peter's Station to the Feast Palace in the Citadelpark, which had been converted into a military hospital. The tram's route number disk was replaced by a red cross. 
 
Photo: Photographer unknown, Pierre de Meyer Collection. 

The Second World War

Twice, the Ghent tram network bore the brunt of the conflict. During the German invasion, Belgian engineer troops blew up several bridges, including the Terplaten Bridge, in an attempt to delay the German advance. However, their efforts were in vain. The destroyed bridges were replaced with temporary structures, which were then blown up by the retreating German army in September 1944. 

 
Photo: The destroyed Terplaten Bridge. Photographer unknown, Archive Ghent Collection. 

The shrinking of the Ghent city network

Due to the increase in the number of cars and the decline in the number of passengers, the tram network suffered in the 1960s. Of the 11 city lines, only four remained by the early 1970s. Even the neighborhood tram network disappeared completely. 

 
Photo: The tracks of line 3 being dismantled on Dendermondsesteenweg in 1974 (Photo by Achiel Ryckaert, ETG vzw Collection). 
 
 
 

A Ghent metro?

Following the example of Antwerp, Charleroi, and Liège, the MIVG (Municipal Transport Company of Ghent) floated the idea in the 1960s of constructing tram line 1 underground or in the bed of the River Leie. However, the plans for the pre-metro line were never implemented in Ghent. 

 
Drawing: John Van Hulle, Achiel Ryckaert Collection 

Regional and urban transportation combined in De Lijn

In 1991, the Flemish Transport Company De Lijn was launched, merging the Antwerp M.I.V.A, the Gent M.I.V.G., and the local tramways. 

 
Photo: A PCC in 1991, the first year of De Lijn, still in the colors of MIVG, but with the logo overlaid by that of De Lijn. Bas Schenk 
 

New millennium, new tracks, new trams

In 2000, the brand new articulated low-floor trams, nicknamed 'Hermelijns,' were introduced, later followed by the 'supertrams,' the Albatrosses. The tram network was further expanded to Flanders Expo, the UZ Gent, and the center of Zwijnaarde. 

 
Photo: The inauguration ride in 2016 of the tram line extended to Zwijnaarde was carried out by a Hermelijn tram, preceded by a diesel tram of the type that served Zwijnaarde until 1954. (Photo by Luc Koenot) 
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